Milestones in Nephrology

To celebrate ISN’s 60th anniversary throughout 2020, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series launches with a review of the development in understanding of the pathophysiology of the glomerulus, highlighting several original articles published in KI:

• The glomerular signature in patients with hematuria (Kenneth F. Fairley and Douglas F. Birch, 1982);
• The permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall (Ramsay L.S. Chang, William M. Deen, Channing R. Robertson, and Barry M. Brenner, 1975);
• T-cells and macrophages in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: clinicopathologic correlations (Bolton W.K., Innes D.J. Jr., Sturgill B.C., Kaiser D.L., 1987);
• Glomerular hemodynamic changes vs. hypertrophy in experimental glomerular sclerosis(Yoshida Y., Fogo A., Ichikawa I., 1989); and
• Genetic studies into inherited and sporadic hemolytic uremic syndrome(Warwicker P., Goodship T.H.J., Donne R.L., et al., 1998).

These articles, despite sometimes triggering controversy, opened the way for improved patient care, innovative therapeutic intervention, and genetic screening.

These groundbreaking papers from KI, shared monthly, will be discussed by an editor from KI and put into perspective of the most recent advances in the field.

To celebrate ISN’s 60th anniversary, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series continues with a review of five foundational contributions related to various tubular segments in the normal and diseased kidney:

• Model for bicarbonate and fluid reabsorption in the proximal tubule (McKinney TD, Burg MB., 1977)
• Intralysosomal digestion of endocytosed proteins in proximal tubule cells (Christensen EI, Maunsbach AB., 1974)
• The countercurrent multiplication system in the medulla (Kokko JP, Rector FC Jr., 1972)
• Treatment of Bartter syndrome with indomethacin (Verberckmoes R, van Damme BB, Clement J, et al., 1976)
• Plasticity in the distal nephron following acid-base modifications (Hagége J, Gabe M, Richet G., 1974)

Celebrating ISN’s 60th anniversary, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series continues with a review of some of the original articles it has published on the treatment of glomerular disease, publications that helped make significant changes in patient management:

• Shorter term corticosteroids are equally effective as longer term in primary nephrotic syndrome in children (Yoshikawa N, Nakanishi K, Sako M, et al.)
• Calcineurin inhibitors in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy (Cattran DC, Appel GB, Hebert LA, et al.)
• High-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation is feasible in end-stage kidney failure patients with amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis (Casserly LF, Fadia A, Sanchorawala V, et al.)
• Renal effects of enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease (FD) (Thurberg BL, Rennke H, Colvin RB, et al.)

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To celebrate ISNs 60th anniversary, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series continues with Agnes B. Fogo’s review of some of the original articles KI has published on renal morphology:

• Nephrin’s role in the podocyte (Holzman LB, St. John PL, Kovari IA, et al., 1999);
• Plasticity of podocytes (Bariéty J, Nochy D, Mandet C, et al.,1998);
• Podocyte loss linked to glomerulosclerosis (Kim YH, Goyal M, Kurnit D, et al.,2001);
• Novel entity linked to monoclonal protein deposition (Nasr SH, Markowitz GS, Stokes MB, et al., 2004); and
• IgA nephropathy morphologic risk factors defined (Roberts ISD, Cook HT, Troyanov S, et al., 2009; Cattran DC, Coppo R, Cook HT, et al., 2009).

To celebrate ISN’s 60th anniversary, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series continues with a review of five foundational contributions related to various tubular segments in the normal and diseased kidney:

• Model for bicarbonate and fluid reabsorption in the proximal tubule (McKinney TD, Burg MB., 1977)
• Intralysosomal digestion of endocytosed proteins in proximal tubule cells (Christensen EI, Maunsbach AB., 1974)
• The countercurrent multiplication system in the medulla (Kokko JP, Rector FC Jr., 1972)
• Treatment of Bartter syndrome with indomethacin (Verberckmoes R, van Damme BB, Clement J, et al., 1976)
• Plasticity in the distal nephron following acid-base modifications (Hagége J, Gabe M, Richet G., 1974)

As part of ISN’s 60th-anniversary, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series highlights five key contributions to the multidisciplinary field of kidney stone disease:

• Estimating the burden of kidney stone disease (Johnson CM, Wilson DM, O’Fallon WM, et al., 1979)
• Urine chemistry as a window into kidney stone risk (Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ., 2001)
• Identifying risk factors for hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate stones (Holmes RP, Goodman HO, Assimos DG., 2007)
• Linking the metabolic syndrome to kidney stone risk: epidemiology and mechanisms (Abate N, Chandalia M, Cabo-Chan AV Jr., et al. 2005)
• Beyond stones: implicating hyperuricemia in hypertension and kidney disease (Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, Santamaria J, et al., 2005)

As part of ISN’s 60^th-anniversary, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series highlights five significant contributions to the understanding of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis:

• A mechanistic analysis of the National Cooperative Dialysis Study (NCDS) (Gotch FA, Sargent JA, 1985)
• Computer simulations of peritoneal fluid transport in CAPD (Rippe B, Stelin G, Haraldsson B, 1991)
• Nitrogen balance during intermittent dialysis therapy of uremia (Borah MF, Schoenfeld PY, Gotch FA, et al., 1978)
• Biocompatibility of dialysis membranes: effects of chronic complement activation (Hakim RM, Fearon DT, Lazarus JM, 1984)
• Outcome of patients with human immunodeficiency virus on maintenance hemodialysis (Ortiz C, Meneses R, Jaffe D, et al., 1988)

As part of ISN’s 60th-anniversary, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series highlights five significant contributions toacute kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease, and cell biology:

• Glomerular hemodynamics in experimental diabetes mellitus(Hostetter TH, Troy JL, Brenner BM, 1981)
• Effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group, 1995)
• Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1): a novel biomarker for human renal proximal tubule injury (Han WK, Bailly V, Abichandani R, et al. 2002)
•  HK-2: an immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell line from normal adult human kidney(Ryan MJ, Johnson G, Kirk J, et al. 1994)
• Identification of the renal erythropoietin-producing cells using transgenic mice (Maxwell PH, Osmond MK, Pugh CW, et al. 1993)

As part of ISN’s 60^th-anniversary, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series highlights five significant contributions to cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease:

Ischemic heart disease in patients on hemodialysis therapy (Rostand SG, Gretes JC, Kirk KA, et al., 1979)

Uremia-associated increase in myocardial interstitial fibrosis (Mall G, Rambausek M, Neumeister A, et al., 1988)

Aortic pulse wave velocity index and mortality in end-stage renal disease (Blacher J, Safar ME, Guerin AP, et al., 2003)

Effect of anemia correction on established LVH in patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy (Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Morgan J, et al., 2000)

Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients (Chertow GM, Burke SK, Raggi P, et al., 2002)

As part of ISN’s 60th-anniversary, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series highlights five papers dealing with bone and mineral disorders in chronic kidney disease:

Bone histology changes in CKD (Malluche HH, Ritz E, Lange HP, et al., 1976)

Prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD by reducing phosphorus intake (Slatopolsky E, Caglar S, Gradowska L, et al., 1972)

Depressed calcium-sensing receptor expression in hyperparathyroidism (Gogusev J, Duchambon P, Hory B, et al., 1997)

Abnormal calcium homeostasis in adynamic bone disease (Kurz P, Monier-Faugere M-C, Bognar B, et al.. 1994)

Dialysis-associated amyloidosis and periarticular bone resorption (Gejyo F, Odani S, Yamada T, et al., 1986)

As the ISN’s flagship journal that established itself in a golden age of physiology and pathology, Kidney International published diverse seminal papers on kidney transplantation.

As part of ISN’s 60th-anniversary, Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series presents five papers selected by Germaine Wong, ISN Clinical Research Team member, and Toby Coates, Associate Editor KI Editorial Board, that made significant contributions in the field of kidney transplantation:

Recurrence of mesangial deposition of IgA after renal transplantation

(Berger J, Yaneva H, Nabarra B, Barbanel C., 1975)

A study of quality of life and cost-utility of renal transplantation

(Laupacis A, Kweon P, Pus N, et al., 1960)

Capillary deposition of C4d complement fragment and early renal graft loss

(Feucht HE, Schneeberger H, Hillebrand G, et al., 1993)

Long-term survival in renal transplant recipients with graft function

(Ojo AO, Hanson JA, Wolfe RA, et al., 2000)

Long-term risks for kidney donors

Mjøen G, Hallan S, Hartmann A, et al., 2014)

The last article in Kidney International’s “Milestones in Nephrology” series, to mark ISN’s 60th-anniversary, presents five papers selected that made significant contributions in the clinical epidemiology of kidney disease, from childhood to adulthood:

Relationship between weight at birth and the number and size of renal glomeruli in humans: A histomorphometric study

(Mañalich R, Reyes L, Herrera M, Melendi C, Fundora I, 2000)

Epidemiology of acute renal failure: A prospective, multicenter, community-based study

Liaño F, Pascual J, The Madrid Acute Renal Failure Study Group, 1996)

Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study

(Muntner P, Coresh J, Smith JC, et al., 2000)

Strong association between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure

(Stenvinkel P, Heimbürger O, Paultre F, et al., 1999)

Biomarkers for the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute kidney injury: A systematic review

(Coca SG, Yalavarthy R, Concato J, Parikh CR., 2008)